Diathesis in children: symptoms, photo, treatment and prevention

Diathesis (allergic dermatitis, the tendency of the child to a variety of allergic diseases) as a bright red cheeks in children manifests itself most often from one to three years. In this case, these symptoms can occur in a child who has not previously had any problems with digestion, allergies, skin. There are such spots is quite crowded, in most cases, are located on the cheeks, but can pass on the neck, the chest, the inner surfaces of the elbow.

The child becomes irritable and constantly wants to scratch itchy cheek, causing itching only increases, and cheeks to comb wounds. In the future, such diateznye spots covered with a crust, peel the edges may get wet. The child has broken a chair, there are constipation or diarrhea, kid complains of a sore throat or cough.

The causes of diathesis

There are many reasons diathesis occurring both in utero and at birth. These include:

1. Hereditary factors and predisposition to skin, immune diseases.
2. The use of drugs during pregnancy.
3. Environment with harmful impurities from industrial production, pollution, dust.
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4. The early introduction of complementary foods.
5. Infection. Expressed in bacterial and viral exposure.
6. Violation of the microflora in the gastrointestinal tract.
7. Disorders of the digestive system.
8. Downed sleep.

Pay close attention to the child nutrition. If you want to create a menu, see your doctor. Independent experiments with the body of the child would only worsen the condition of the baby.

Improper maternal nutrition during pregnancy and GW - frequent causes of diathesis. The consumption of egg and milk proteins, citrus fruits, eggs, canned foods, berries and honey cause an allergic reaction, even in adults. Rarely, but there are allergies because of the natural breast milk, and the treatment of diathesis in children under one year passes more difficult than in more mature.

Kinds

Depending on the individual and some external factors diathesis may be different. In medical practice, can diagnose the following children's diseases:

1. Exudative-catarrhal or allergic diathesis. The most common type - allergic, it appears in infants aged 3 - 6 months and may disappear under favorable conditions for 1 - 1.5 years completely or develop into the chronic form allergies.
2. Hemorrhagic. Hemorrhagic diathesis in children are clinical hematologic syndrome, including the whole group of acquired and inherited diseases. Common - heavy and quite dangerous predisposition to bleeding of a small organism. Any breach of the vessel wall can lead to a strong external or internal bleeding.
3. Neuro-arthritic. A rare phenomenon, but represents a serious disease. The reason for its development - a violation of protein metabolism, genetically determined. Larger amounts of uric acid in this case is deposited in the joints as crystals. Therefore, this form of child diathesis almost defies correction and persists throughout life. So that treatment diathesis in infants and young children, in this case directed at maintaining the general state of the child.
4. exudative. Exudative diathesis in medical practice is also known as atopic dermatitis. It is not so much an independent disease, as constitutional features of the child. Underlying - intolerance to certain foods, because of which there are various disturbances in the water and fat metabolism. Allergies can cause cow milk, honey, egg white, chocolate, citrus fruits, cocoa, strawberry and so on. products. Another name for the disease - exudative-catarrhal diathesis.
5. urate. Disease characterized by metabolic disorders in the formation and filtration of urine. With such a salt state in the form of sand fall into a red hue precipitate, and then crystallized. The consequence is urolithiasis. Analyzes revealed serious violations of the qualitative composition of the children's urine, as well as her daily amount. Change indicators such as acidity and density: they increase.

Each species has a certain set of characteristics differs in its genesis and treatment. Especially hard always flows diathesis in children under one year, which disrupts normal life baby. The causes of the disease may be a variety of factors - not only due to the internal features of the body, but also by external circumstances.

Symptoms and signs of a diathesis, photos

How does a child diathesis (see. Photo)? Recognize the disease is easy:

• cheeks redden, flake;
• in many places there are moist areas;
• spots become bright red, covered with well-aimed bubbles;
• itchy rash;
• on the legs, buttocks, elbows appear red spots
• inflamed mucous membranes;
• top is covered with greyish scales;
• color formed seborrheic crust;
• diaper rash kept for a long time, difficult to treat.

Most of the cases recorded diathesis in infants and children up to a year. Allergic reaction develops in the first few months of life due to the imperfection of many body systems.

In children 2-12 years of age the disease can go into the teenage form. Symptoms diathesis in children:

• after exposure to allergen appear skin rashes;
• Some areas of the body blush;
• there is itching;
• child unjustly sweats.

After 15 years of existence disappears. If not, it develops atopic dermatitis. symptoms:

• dry, hard skin in the crotch, elbows, hips and other parts of the body;
• symptoms of neurodermatitis are amplified by the action of provoking factors.

In some cases, a tendency to allergies is inherited.

How to treat diathesis in a child?

Each type of diathesis needs etiological treatment. Let us consider how to cure various types of anomalies.

Treatment of exudative-catarrhal diathesis

To cure this kind of disease can only be comprehensive. The first step is to observe the regime of the day and a diet.

Diet involves:

• Limitation of cow's milk. The mixture is better to partially replace sour milk products.
• Adherence to a strict feeding schedule.
• Complementary feeding in infants is not earlier than 6 months.
• Vitamin enriched diet;
• Exception fatty meats, soups, citrus, bananas, strawberries, honey, tomatoes, nuts, cocoa, chocolate, smoked.

Medication:

• At serious prescribe hystoglobulin, after preliminary tests.
• Antihistamines: Fenistil, Zyrtec, Suprastin.
• Absorbents - Enterosgel, Smecta.
• To improve sleep and reduce itching using Phenobarbital, barbamyl, Valerian.
• calcium salt.
• Vitamin: Thiamine chloride and bromide, retinol acetate, calcium pangamate, Ascorbic Acid, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Rutin, Riboflavin.
• When infectious skin inflammation prescribe antibiotics - Ampioks, Gentamicin;
• When lethargy, weakness Tireoidine used.
• For constipation - Dufalac, Magnesium sulfate reception system inside.

To smear the affected skin to the pope, the cheeks can be such means of diathesis:

• Pasta Lassara.
• Silver nitrate.
• Camomile or boric alcohol solution.
• Mash with talc, zinc.
• When infected skin using Zelenka, iodine, paint Castellani, geolimitsinovuyu ointment.

When diathesis, accompanied by severe itching and severe dermatitis, showing hormonal ointment:

• Dermozolon, Oksikort;
• flutsinar;
• Prednisolone ointment.

In addition, from diathesis can be used ointments and lotions, having a drying and anti-allergic effect:

• Sudocrem;
• fenistil;
• Advantan;
• Zinc ointment;

When expressed baby skin lesions can bathe in the bath with a decoction of herbs violet, striped, chamomile, oak bark. After the bath, the baby's body is treated with an acidic powder.

Neuro-arthritic diathesis

When the neuro-arthritic diathesis is important to follow a diet. How can we feed the child:

• fruits vegetables;
• products made of rye flour;
• cereals containing starch;
• milk products.

diet restrictions:

• fats;
• sweets;
• mushrooms;
• meat, including poultry;
• nuts;
• fish.

Complete rejection of such products:

• cocoa, coffee;
• meat products;
• chocolate;
• carbonated drinks;
• beans;
• rich broth.

At the core of drug therapy are drugs that affect the synthesis of uric acid, its removal and reduction of ketones:

• allopurinol;
• Urodan;
• Etamid;
• calcium pantothenate.

Bile is also used sedatives, vitamins of group B. When atsetonemicheskoy vomiting necessary gastric lavage and enema.

Treatment limfatiko-hypoplastic diathesis

The basis of treatment are measures for strengthening and stimulation of the immune system:

• massage;
• gymnastics;
• tempering.

Of medicines are used:

• Courses adaptogens - pentoxy, Eleutherococcus;
• vitamins;
• with adrenal insufficiency - glucocorticoids.

How to treat hemorrhagic diathesis

Treatment options include:

• vitamins;
• glucocorticoids;
• clotting factors;
• to stop bleeding: hemostatic sponge, compression band, cold;
• for the resolution of bruising - physiotherapy;
• transfusion of blood or plasma.

Surgical treatment is carried out by removing the spleen of defective vessels, replacing the affected joints, joints puncture for removing hematoma.

Folk remedies

There are many recipes that are used in the treatment of diathesis of folk remedies:

1. A decoction of the crushed root of wheatgrass: the composition to give the child a few tablespoons a day.
2. The aqueous extract of the roots of burdock. Daily use 3-4 tablespoons per day will result in the first weeks.
3. Bathing the baby with the addition of broth succession with chamomile. The procedure relieves irritation, itching, discomfort.
4. 3 tablespoons Viburnum bark pour 2 cups boiling water and cook for half an hour. One teaspoon a day is enough for a quick recovery.
5. Shell cooked and washed down with soda dried eggs 2-3 days. After it is ground to add to the usual food. Discomfort caused diathesis disappears.

Baby care

As a rule, the tendency to allergy is not limited to skin manifestations, and eventually the child increases the sensitivity to other potential allergens. To reduce the risk of sensitization of the body of the child, performs a number of major events:

1. Use only clothes made of natural fabrics.
2. Baby clothes and diapers, as well as his own home clothes, wash special children's powder or baby soap, and then iron the them (heat destroys allergens).
3. Do not get pets and if it (the animal) is already with you - avoid contact between the animal and the child. The animal should not go into the room where the baby sleeps.
4. Do not let the baby soft toys and hard toys made of plastic and rubber check for the presence of a quality certificate.
5. Try to perform daily wet cleaning at least in the baby's room.
6. Minimize the amount of "dust collectors" (upholstered furniture, carpets, books and clothes in closets and so uncovered. D.) In grudnichka room.
7. For skin care and hair of the child use a special children's medical cosmetics. Not necessarily to buy expensive brand, but it has to be exactly Cosmetics (line "Emolium", "Lipikar" type Bepanten creams, Skin-kap, Topikrem). Special means carefully moisturize the skin without causing irritation and allergic reactions.

If a child is sick, do not give him the drugs without a prescription - in many preparations contain allergenic fragrances and dyes.